In general a wire connector is any conductive electrical device joining two wires together. For this discussion we are specifically talking about a device called a "twist-on wire connector". These devices are also commonly called a "wire nut" although that term is actually a registered trademark with Ideal Industries.

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How are wire connectors used?

Twist-on wire connectors are used to connect two or more electrical conductors together. Twist-on wire connectors are a quick and easy connection in most cases, requiring no tools. Twist-on wire connectors are also useful where the connection is likely to be modified, changed or moved since they can be easily removed. Twist-on wire connectors are usually cone shaped with a metal coil inside. The stripped ends of the conductors are inserted into the connector then the connector is twisted creating a secure electrical connection. Most twist-on wire connectors are color coded to indicate it's maximum wire capacity.

What materials are used to make wire connectors?

The great majority of twist-on wire connectors are made of a thermoplastic shell with a conductive metal interior. Some plastic twist-on wire connectors do not have a metal coil interior and rely on a plastic groove interior to twist the conductors together. For high temperature applications twist-on wire connectors can be made of ceramic. These connectors typically do not incorporate a metal conductor, instead they rely on internally formed concentric grooves to provide the electrical connection when the conductors are inserted and then twisted together.

What types of wire connectors are available?

Here are the most common types of twist-on wire connectors:

Pressure Type; Plastic, conical in shape and color-coded using a fixed square-wire spring to create a positive connection. Has a deep wide skirt to protect against flashover and turned back strands for maximum dielectric protection.

Wing nut; similar to pressure type in application and features but with wings on the outside of the connector for easier installation and un-installation. The specially designed wings provide secure grip for extra leverage on maximum wire combinations.

Scotchlok™; unique design makes wiring faster and easier with rounded wings for twisting the connector on or off. Also has a flexible skirt protecting the connector and covering over-stripped wires.

Twist-Loc™; Color-coded wire connectors, flexible, durable, with an outer insulator, compact, fully insulated. Torque fins provide a comfortable and secure grip.

Closed-End Connectors; A two-piece nylon construction. A translucent nylon-molded insulation is adhered to the metal connector insert. Insert is annealed copper with a tin-plated finish.

Ceramic; as discussed above. For use in high temperature applications over 150C.